Abstract: Monogenic forms of hypertension result from a single genetic mutation, following Mendel’s law. They are characterized in the majority of cases by early onset, familial aggregation and refractory hypertension （uncontrolled by three or more hypertensive drugs, with diuretics included）. Blood biochemical abnormalities are manifested in low plasma renin activity, abnormal potassium concentration and metabolic acid-base imbalance. So far, seventeen kinds of inherited hypertension have been found, including multiple endocrine neoplasia that are clinical expression with hypertension. With the development of genetic sequencing technology, diagnose level of inherited hypertension improved rapidly, the pathogenesis have been explicated gradually. This paper gives the overview of research in this field.