Abstract: Acute myocardial infarction （AMI） is a clinical syndrome which caused by the instability of coronary artery plaque rupture, intraplaque hemorrhage and secondary thrombosis. AMI has the characteristic of acute onset, severe illness, and high mortality rate, which has become a serious threat to people’s health. In inflammatory conditions, Tregs can be converted into Th17 cells, the number of Th17 cells increased, the number of Tregs significantly reduced or the inhibitory function is reduced, resulting in the imbalance of Th17/Treg rate, which leads to the occurrence and development of inflammatory diseases. Th17/Treg rate has become a new hotspot in the research field of inflammation in AMI. At present, the field of cardiovascular diseases is closely related with immune inflammatory reaction. This paper reviews the relationship between inflammatory pathogenesis of AMI and imbalance of Th17/Treg rate, to provide new ideas for early diagnosis, prognosis and immune therapy of AMI.