Abstract: The development of scientific research in the medical field is essential for achieving the Healthy China Strategy, significantly contributing to improving public health, fostering social harmony, and safeguarding public health security. This paper analyzes the implementation background, deployment and important achievements of special projects/funds, focusing on the implementation of the National Key R&D Program, the National Science and Technology Major Projects, and the National Natural Science Foundation in the field of medicine. By systematically sorting out the deployment of national science and technology plans in the medical field during the “13th Five-Year Plan” and “14th Five-Year Plan” periods, the current development status of scientific research in the medical field in China is analyzed. On this basis, combined with the emerging cutting-edge key technology directions in the medical field, the challenges faced by the development of scientific research in the medical field in China are analyzed, and the future development trend is expected, so as to provide references for the continuous development of medical scientific research in China.