Abstract: Objective To assess the relationship between interleukin-17 （IL-17） and osteoporosis. Methods Search the clinical literatures about IL - 17 and osteoporosis in China national knowledge infrastructure（CNKI）, China Biology Medicine disc（CBM）, Wanfang database,Chinese Weipu Database（VIP）,The United States National Library of Medicine （PubMed）, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane library, retrieval period from inception to June 1, 2019, and analyzed data by Review Manager 5.3. Results 732 related literatures were retrieved and 14 articles were included in the final, involving a total of 1 150 people. Meta-analysis of eligible studies showed that postmenopausal osteoporosis or postmenopausal osteopenia patients had higher serum IL-17 levels compared to postmenopausal bone normal control groupSMD=3.1,95%CI（1.46,4.73）, P=0.000 2; SMD=0.71,95%CI（0.37,1.05）, P<0.000 1. There was no significant association between serum IL-17 and osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis patientsMD=6.15,95%CI（-2.61,14.91）,P=0.17. Conclusion A high serum IL-17 expression is associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis, but more large and high-quality studies are needed to confirm the relation and mechanism.