Pressure Injury Prevention in Underweight Infants Underwent Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery Using Foam Dressings and Warm-Air Inflatable Blankets

Objective To assess the pressure injury prevention in underweight infants underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery using foam dressings and warm-air inflatable blankets. Methods One hundred and twenty six infants with congenital cardiopathy who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery were randomly divided into two groups. Sixty three patients in the first group just used foam dressings and the second group of 63 patients used foam dressings combined with warm-air inflatable blankets during operation. The following data were used for statistical analysis, including the number of patients with stage 1 pressure injury in occipital bone region, sacrococcygeal region, scapula, back neck, buttocks, back, and lateral ankle region, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, and total surgical time in each group. Results The incidence rate of stage 1 pressure injury of the second group in occipital bone region and sacrococcygeal region （occipital bone region 50.8% and sacrococcygeal region 14.3%） was lower compared with that of the first group （occipital bone region 74.6% and sacrococcygeal region 39.7%） （occipital bone region χ²=7.635, P<0.01 and sacrococcygeal region χ²=9.063, P<0.01）. Furthermore, the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and total surgical time were 78.95±39.40 minutes and 142.47±54.78 minutes in the second group and were 83.54±33.01 minutes and 148.69±49.09 minutes in the first group. Both the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and total surgical time in the second group were shorter than those in the first group（duration of cardiopulmonary bypass: Z=-2.845, P<0.01 and total surgical time: Z=-3.078, P<0.01）. Conclusions Using foam dressings combined with warm-air inflatable blankets during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery play a important role in pressure injury prevention in underweight infants and further decrease the incidence rate of stage 1 pressure injury.