梅花开尽百花开: TFE3融合基因融合谱的故事
张曲霞, 许春伟, 陈刚
福建省肿瘤医院病理科, 福州 350014
通讯作者: 陈刚,主任医师,硕士研究生导师。
关键词: 肿瘤; TFE3融合基因
中图分类号:R730 文献标志码:A 收稿日期: 2018-11-19
The Plum Blossoms Bloom into A Hundred Flowers: The Story of TFE3 Fusion Gene Fusion Spectrum
ZHANG Qu-xia, XU Chun-wei, CHEN Gang
Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
Key words: neoplasms; TFE3 fusion gene

转录因子(transcription factor, TF)E3(TFE3)是转录因子螺旋-环-螺旋MiT转录基因家族4个成员之一[1]。TFE3基因即重链免疫球蛋白增强子TFE3, 位于X染色体短臂11.22, 长14.78 kb。该基因在人体广泛分布, 并参与多种基因的调节[2]

2017年5月, 《Nat Med》杂志发表了一篇重量级文章, 纪念MSKCC癌症研究中心的科学家采用MSK-IMPACT方法, 开展了一项大规模、前瞻性的临床测序研究, 他们对1万多名晚期癌症患者, 接近300多种肿瘤进行基因二代测序, 同时收集这些患者的临床注释、病理等方面的信息, 其中TFE3融合10例, 肾癌占2.24% (7/313), 其中融合相关性肾癌6例, 融合伙伴为SFPQ (2例)、ASPSCR1 (2例)、PRCC (1例)和FUBP1 (1例), 透明细胞癌1例, 融合伙伴为NONO; 软组织肿瘤占0.68% (3/438), 其中血管周上皮样细胞肿瘤1例, 融合伙伴为DVL2, 上皮样血管内皮瘤1例, 融合伙伴为YAP1, 腺泡状软组织肉瘤1例, 融合伙伴为ASPSCR1[3]

Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合相关性肾癌是2004年WHO肾癌分类中新增的一个亚型, 其命名来源于肿瘤中均含伴染色体Xp11.2形成的融合基因, 目前已知的基因融合类型至少有8种, 其中5种位点明确, 分别是t(X; 1) (p11.2; q21)导致的PRCC-TFE3融合基因[4]、t(X; 17) (p11.2; q25)导致的ASPSCR1-TFE3融合基因[5]、t(X; 17) (p11.2; q23)导致的CLTC-TFE3融合基因[6]、t(X; 1) (p11.2; p34)导致的SFPQ-TFE3融合基因以及inv(X) (p11; q12)导致的NONO-TFE3融合基因[7], 其他类型包括RBM10-TFE3融合、SFPQ-TFE3融合、FUBP1-TFE3融合、ARID1B-TFE3融合、DVL2-TFE3融合、PARP14-TFE3融合、LUC7L3-TFE3融合和KHSRP-TFE3融合[8, 9, 10]

软组织肿瘤分布广、类型多、形态结构复杂多变, 且不同类型的软组织形态上相互重叠; 近10年由于分子病理学的迅猛发展, TFE3融合及其融合伙伴的研究逐渐深入, 腺泡状软组织肉瘤存在ASPSCR1-TEF3融合, 其他软组织瘤包括血管周上皮样细胞肿瘤存在SFPQ-TFE3融合和NONO-TFE3融合、颗粒细胞瘤存在ASPSCR1-TEF3融合、黑色素瘤存在NONO-TFE3融合、实性上皮样血管内皮瘤存在YAP1-TFE3融合和CAMTA1-TFE3融合[10, 11, 12]

TFE3融合基因肿瘤谱较窄, 伴TFE3融合基因的肿瘤如腺泡状软组织肉瘤、血管周上皮样细胞肿瘤及Xp11.2易位/TFE3基因融合肾癌等具有共同的细胞形态学特点, 提示TFE3基因及其编码的蛋白在肿瘤的发生中可能起到比较特异的作用。随着二代测序技术应用于临床疑难病例的鉴别诊断, 像EWSR1、TFE3、BCOR等经典融合基因及其各种类型的融合伙伴, 使得越来越多疑难病患者得到精准的治疗, 延长了患者的总生存时间。因此, 二代测序技术的全面应用和普及有着得天独厚的优势。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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