维生素D、二甲双胍联合炔雌醇环丙孕酮对育龄多囊卵巢综合征患者妊娠结局的影响
史红珍a, 王同力b, 孙立娟c, 王倩d, 林琳a
a.生殖医学科, 秦皇岛市第一医院, 河北秦皇岛 066000
b.神经外科, 秦皇岛市第一医院, 河北秦皇岛 066000
c.超声医学科, 秦皇岛市第一医院, 河北秦皇岛 066000
d.妇科, 秦皇岛市第一医院, 河北秦皇岛 066000
作者简介:

史红珍(1978-),女,河北衡水人,副主任医师,医学硕士,主要研究方向为妇科内分泌及辅助生殖技术。Tel:0335-3508121, E-mail:shihz197811@126.com

摘要

目的 探讨维生素D(vitamin D,VD)、二甲双胍联合炔雌醇环丙孕酮对育龄多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)伴VD缺乏患者妊娠结局的影响。方法 选取2018年7月至2020年7月秦皇岛市第一医院育龄PCOS伴VD缺乏患者160例,依据随机表分为A组( n=80)和B组( n=80),A组给予二甲双胍联合炔雌醇环丙孕酮治疗,B组在此基础上给予VD治疗,比较两组性激素[促卵泡生成素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、游离睾酮(testosterone,T)]、糖代谢[空腹血糖(fasting glucose,FGS)、空腹胰岛素(fasting insulin,FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(insulin resistance index,HOMA-IR)]、25-羟基维生素D(25-hydroxy vitamin D3,25(OH)D)、卵子质量(卵子成熟率、受精率、优质胚胎率)、妊娠结局。结果 A组和B组治疗后FSH、LH、T、FGS、FINS、HOMA-IR优于治疗前,B组治疗后FSH、LH、T、FGS、FINS、HOMA-IR优于A组,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05);B组卵子成熟率、受精率、优质胚胎率高于A组,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05);B组妊娠率高于A组,B组流产率低于A组,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。结论 VD、二甲双胍联合炔雌醇环丙孕酮可能改善育龄PCOS伴VD缺乏患者性激素、糖代谢、25(OH)D水平及卵子质量,有利于改善妊娠结局,值得临床推广。

关键词: 维生素D; 二甲双胍; 炔雌醇环丙孕酮; 育龄; 多囊卵巢综合征; 妊娠结局
中图分类号:R711.75 文献标识码:A 收稿日期: 2021-09-25
The Effect of Vitamin D and Metformin Combined With Ethinylestradiol and Cyproterone Acetate on Pregnancy Outcome of Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome at Reproductive Age
SHI Hong-zhena, WANG Tong-lib, SUN Li-juanc, WANG Qiand, LIN Lina
a. Department of Reproductive Medicine, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Qinhuangdao 066000, China
b. Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Qinhuangdao 066000, China
c. Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Qinhuangdao 066000, China
d. Department of Gynecology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Qinhuangdao 066000, China
Abstract

Objective To discuss the effect of vitamin D (VD) and metformin combined with ethinylestradiol and cyproterone acetate on the pregnancy outcome of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and VD deficiency at reproductive age.Methods The 160 patients with PCOS and VD deficiency at reproductive age in First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from July 2018 to July 2020 were selected; they were divided into groups A ( n=80) and B ( n=80) according to the random table. Group A was treated with metformin combined with ethinylestradiol and cyproterone acetate, and group B was treated with VD on this basis. The sex hormone [follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), free testosterone (T)], glucose metabolism [fasting glucose (FGS), fasting insulin (FINS), insulin resistance index (HOMA IR)], 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25 (OH) D), quality of ovum (ovum maturation rate, fertilization rate, high-quality embryo rate) and pregnancy outcome were compared between the two groups.Results The FSH, LH, T, FGS, FINS, HOMA-IR after treatment in group A and group B were better than those before treatment. The FSH, LH, T, FGS, FINS, HOMA-IR after treatment in group B were better than those in group A, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The ovum maturation rate, fertilization rate, and high-quality embryo rate in group B were higher than those in group A; the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The pregnancy rate of group B was higher than that of group A, and the abortion rate of group B was lower than that of group A, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05).Conclusions VD and metformin combined with ethinylestradiol and cyproterone acetate can improve the sex hormones, glucose metabolism, 25 (OH) D levels, and quality of ovum in patients with PCOS and VD deficiency at reproductive age, which may be helpful to improve pregnancy outcome; it's worth for further clinical promotion.

Key words: vitamin D; metformin; ethinylestradiol and cyproterone acetate; reproductive age; polycystic ovary syndrome; pregnancy outcome

多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS)是常见的妇科病, 好发于育龄期妇女, 常伴胰岛素抵抗、糖脂代谢异常等, 可导致稀发排卵或无排卵、卵巢多囊样改变、高雄激素血症等, 严重危害患者健康[1]。目前, PCOS主要采用药物治疗, 其中二甲双胍联合炔雌醇环丙孕酮是临床常用的方案, 其疗效已逐渐被认可[2]。而近年来有研究表明, PCOS患者多存在维生素D(vitamin D, VD)缺乏, VD缺乏会与内分泌代谢密切相关, 会加重代谢紊乱而引起病情加重, 甚至影响治疗效果, 提示补充VD治疗或可提高临床疗效, 但目前关于VD、二甲双胍联合炔雌醇环丙孕酮治疗育龄PCOS伴VD缺乏的报道较少[3]。对此, 本研究对育龄PCOS伴VD缺乏患者给予VD、二甲双胍联合炔雌醇环丙孕酮治疗, 探讨其对患者疗效及妊娠结局的影响。

1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料

选取2018年7月至2020年7月秦皇岛市第一医院育龄PCOS伴VD缺乏患者160例, 依据随机表分为A组(n=80)和B组(n=80), 纳入标准:经临床症状、实验室、影像学等检查为PCOS[4]伴VD缺乏[5]; 年龄20~40岁且有生育需求; 签署知情同意书; 无VD、二甲双胍、炔雌醇环丙孕酮等过敏史。排除标准:有血液、神经、免疫等系统严重病; 男方不育或女方有输卵管闭塞、子宫畸形等其他不孕症; 有心、肝、肾等功能不全; 营养膳食因素导致的VD缺乏; 无法配合研究者。本研究经医院伦理会批准, A组和B组一般资料基本相同(P> 0.05), 见表1

表1 两组一般资料比较 Tab.1 Comparison of the general data between the two groups
1.2 方法

A组给予二甲双胍联合炔雌醇环丙孕酮治疗, 月经第5天开始口服炔雌醇环丙孕酮(拜耳医药保健有限公司, 批号:KT07PCA2, 每片含醋酸环丙孕酮2 mg和炔雌醇0.035 mg× 21片), 1片/d, 21d/周期, 共3个周期; 餐前口服二甲双胍(默克雪兰诺有限公司, 批号:ABS9843, 500 mg× 20片), 500 mg/次, bid, 共3个月。

B组在此基础上给予VD(国药控股星鲨制药有限公司, 批号:129211061, 400 IU× 24粒)治疗, 口服VD, 400 IU/d, 共3个月。

促排卵方案:两组均于月经第5~9天口服枸橼酸氯米芬(Codal Synto Ltd. Cyprus 塞浦路斯高特制药有限公司, 批号:M0604, 50 mg× 10片), 50 mg/d。

1.3 指标观察

比较两组性激素、糖代谢、25-羟基维生素D(25-hydroxy vitamin D3, 25(OH)D)、卵子质量、妊娠结局。(1)性激素、糖代谢、25(OH)D:治疗前、治疗3个月经周期后抽取外周血12 mL, 以酶联免疫吸附法检测性激素[促卵泡生成素(follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone, LH)、游离睾酮(testosterone, T)]、糖代谢[空腹血糖(fasting glucose, FGS)、空腹胰岛素(fasting insulin, FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(insulin resistance index, HOMA-IR)]、25(OH)D水平, 试剂盒均购自上海信帆生物科技有限公司。(2)卵子质量:治疗前、治疗3个月经周期后行常规B超检查卵子成熟、受精、优质胚胎情况[5]。(3)妊娠结局:记录12个月妊娠、流产情况。

1.4 统计学方法

采用SPSS 22.0软件, 计数资料采用χ 2检验, 计量资料以(x ± s)表示, 符合正态分布的采用t检验, P< 0.05为有统计学差异。

2 结果
2.1 两组性激素、糖代谢、25(OH)D比较

A组和B组治疗前比较, 差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05), A组和B组治疗后FSH、LH、T、FGS、FINS、HOMA-IR优于治疗前, B组治疗后FSH、LH、T、FGS、FINS、HOMA-IR优于A组, 差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05), 见表2表3

表2 两组性激素比较 Tab.2 Comparison of sex hormones between the two groups
表3 两组糖代谢及25(OH)D比较 Tab.3 Comparison of glucose metabolism, 25(OH)D between the two groups
2.2 两组卵子质量比较

B组卵子成熟率、受精率、优质胚胎率高于A组, 差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05), 见表4

表4 两组卵子质量比较 Tab.4 Comparison of the ovum quality between the two groups
2.3 两组妊娠结局比较

B组妊娠率高于A组, B组流产率低于A组, 差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05), 见表5

表5 两组妊娠结局比较 Tab.5 Comparison of the pregnancy outcome between the two groups
3 讨论

PCOS在育龄期女性中发病率约为6%~10%, 多由生育年龄妇女体内复杂的内分泌及代谢异常所致, 其重要疾病特征为胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance, IR)和高胰岛素血症, 可使卵母细胞的质量下降、卵泡微环境失衡及内膜容受性下降而使排卵率及妊娠率下降, 已成为女性不孕的常见原因[6, 7]。而二甲双胍联合炔雌醇环丙孕酮是PCOS常用的治疗方案, 其中二甲双胍为胰岛素增敏剂, 可改善IR而改善糖代谢, 炔雌醇环丙孕酮为治疗高雄激素的一线药物, 可改善患者性激素水平[8, 9]

近年来, 相关研究报道, PCOS患者普遍存在VD低下, VD低下会加重IR、高胰岛素血症、月经失调、排卵障碍和不育等, 不利于病情转归; 但添加VD治疗PCOS的疗效尚未明确, 且尚无统一标准[10, 11]。本研究分析VD、二甲双胍联合炔雌醇环丙孕酮治疗育龄PCOS伴VD缺乏患者的情况, 发现A组和B组治疗后FSH、LH、T、FGS、FINS、HOMA-IR优于治疗前, B组治疗后FSH、LH、T、FGS、FINS、HOMA-IR优于A组, B组卵子成熟率、受精率、优质胚胎率高于A组, 该疗法可改善患者性激素、糖代谢、25(OH)D水平, 有利于提高卵子质量。这可能由于二甲双胍可增加育龄PCOS伴VD缺乏患者胰岛素敏感性, 有利于改善IR而纠正高雄激素状态, 从而改善卵巢排卵功能[1, 2]; 而炔雌醇环丙孕酮含有的雌孕激素可调节患者性激素水平, 如可促进性激素结合球蛋白合成来降低游离雄激素的生物学活性, 并可抑制LH分泌及卵泡颗粒细胞芳香化酶RNA的表达, 有利于改善卵巢排卵功能, 从而提高促排卵效果[12, 13]。但可能由于本研究的育龄PCOS患者均存在VD缺乏, VD低下可能加重了体内复杂的内分泌及代谢异常, 尤其是影响了二甲双胍对胰岛素抵抗及炔雌醇环丙孕酮对性激素的调节作用, 从而影响了治疗效果[14, 15]。而本研究加用VD治疗, 可能有效提高了育龄PCOS伴VD缺乏患者体内VD水平, 使VD可更好地发挥生物效应, 可调节胰岛素细胞内钙离子而改善IR, 有利于缓解高胰岛素对垂体的刺激而改善性激素分泌, 减轻了VD低下对IR、高胰岛素血症、月经失调、排卵障碍的加重作用, 从而提高了治疗效果。

此外, 本研究随访12个月发现, B组妊娠率高于A组, B组流产率低于A组, 提示VD、二甲双胍联合炔雌醇环丙孕酮可能改善育龄PCOS伴VD缺乏患者妊娠结局。这可能由于在二甲双胍联合炔雌醇环丙孕酮治疗育龄PCOS伴VD缺乏中加用VD, 可改善患者低VD状态对IR、性激素及代谢异常的影响, 减轻了二甲双胍对IR调节及炔雌醇环丙孕酮对性激素调节的不良影响, 改善了患者卵巢功能, 从而改善了妊娠结局。

综上所述, VD、二甲双胍联合炔雌醇环丙孕酮可改善育龄PCOS伴VD缺乏患者性激素、糖代谢、25(OH)D水平及卵子质量, 有利于改善妊娠结局, 值得临床推广。

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