Abstract: Objective To analyse the influence factors that caused anorectal diseases among adult residents in Gansu province, grasp the high risk factors of the relevance under new situation. Methods Subjects in the study were residents aged 18 years old or older in Gansu. Multiple-stage and stratified random sampling were adopted as the investigation method, the inquiry and questionnaire were used to get the prevalence and influence factors of anorectal diseases from interview. Result The protective factors for the onset of anorectal disease are physical exercise（χ²=8.234, P<0.05）, eating more fruit and vegetables（χ²=67.223, P<0.01）, drinking water on a daily basis（χ²=38.647, P<0.01）; the risk factors for the onset of anorectal disease are life and work style （χ²=33.762, P<0.01）, work environment （χ²=36.998, P<0.01）, engaging in weight-bearing work（χ²=81.229, P<0.01）, overexerting defecation （χ²=29.170, P<0.01）, defecation for long time（χ²=77.812, P<0.01）, overeating spicy food（χ²=7.710, P<0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of anorectal diseases of adult in Gansu province is related to the high risk correlated factors include bad diet, living habits, bowel habit, life and work environment.