Abstract: Objective To assess the relationship of rs1501299 and rs2241766 single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in the adiponectin gene（ADIOPQ） with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS）. Methods Databases including PubMed, PMC, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane library, CNKI, CBM, VIP and Wanfang were searched from inception to May 2019, and the references of articles were also retrieved to collect case-control studies about the correlation of the rs1501299 and rs2241766 polymorphisms of ADIOPQ and PCOS. According to the self-designed inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers screened articles, extracted data, and assessed the bias risk of the included studies independently. The Stata 12.0 software was used for meta analysis. Results A total of 16 case-control studies involving rs1501299 polymorphisms of ADIOPQ were conducted （including 2 349 PCOS cases and 3 563 healthy controls）. A total of 19 case-control studies involving rs2241766 polymorphisms of ADIOPQ were included （including 2 634 PCOS cases and 4 323 healthy controls）. Sensitivity analysis without Xita study revealed obvious correlation between rs1501299 polymorphisms of ADIOPQ with PCOS in alleles, homozygotes and dominant genetic patterns T vs. G: OR=0.82, 95%CI（0.75,0.90）, P=0.000; TT vs. GG: OR=0.64, 95%CI（0.51,0.79）, P=0.000; TT+TG vs. GG: OR=0.77, 95%CI（0.68,0.88）, P=0.000. The results did not change after further elimination of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium study. The results of subgroup analysis after removal of Xita and non-compliance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium study showed that rs1501299 polymorphisms of ADIOPQ had a correlation with PCOS in Asian population under different genetic pattern T vs. G: OR=0.80, 95%CI（0.65,0.99）, P=0.04; TT vs. GG: OR=0.59, 95%CI（0.37,0.95）,P=0.031; TT+TG vs. GG: OR=0.76, 95%CI（0.64,0.89）, P=0.001, but not in the Caucasian population T vs. G: OR=0.86, 95%CI（0.70, 1.05）, P=0.145; TT vs. GG: OR=0.85, 95%CI（0.54, 1.34）, P=0.486; TT+TG vs. GG: OR=0.78, 95%CI（0.60, 1.02）, P=0.067. There were no significant differences in rs2241766 of ADIOPQ between the case group and control group in alleles, homozygote and dominant genetic patternsG vs. T: OR=1.12, 95%CI（0.90, 1.38）, P=0.319; GG vs. TT: OR=1.08, 95%CI（0.82, 1.42）, P=0.605; GG+GT vs. TT: OR=0.97, 95%CI（0.86, 1.10）, P=0.671. Conclusions rs1501299 of ADIOPQ was associated with the risk of PCOS in Asian population, but rs2241766 of ADIOPQ was not associated with the risk of PCOS.