Abstract: Objective To formulate an evidence-based treatment plan for a patient with atrial fibrillation with primary hypertension. Methods Based on an adequate assessment of the patient’s condition and using the principle of PICO, we searched for systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials in the Cochrane Library（Issue 4,2009）, MEDLINE（PubMed, 1998 to 2009） and evaluated the evidence. Results A total of 341 RCTs and 27 systematic reviews were identified. A rational treatment plan was made upon a serious evaluation of the data.After a half year follow-up, the plan was proved optimal. Conclusion Evidence-based approaches help as to prepare the most appropriate therapy plan for this patient and will help to improve the therapeutic effects for patients with atrial fibrillation with hypertension.