Abstract: Objective To survey the status of the cognition and practice of evidence-based medicine （EBM） in clinicians, and the obstacles in their evidence-based practice. Methods 285 clinicians were surveyed by a self-made questionnaire. SPSS13.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results The EBM average cognitive score of clinicians was 6.19±2.62, with 35.8% of effective samples scored 8 or more. Clinicians from the third-grade hospitals, with a degree of master or above and work experiences over 10 years knew EBM relatively better. Clinicians with a master degree or above, work experiences over 10 years had relatively good ability in EBM practices. The survey showed a connection between clinicians cognitive degree and their practice frequency in EBM（r_s=0.21,P=0.000）. The result indicated that the higher the respondents acknowledge EBM, the more frequently they practiced it. The top three barriers which affected the use of EBM in clinical practices were: lack of time, poor proficiency in foreign language and shortage of EBM knowledge. Conclusion The current cognitions of clinicians on EBM are not very well. It is necessary to strengthen the training of clinicians, particularly, who have a degree under master, work experience less than 10 years and work for hospitals below third-grade level. To solve the difficulties in practicing EBM, promotion in their cognitions and active use of EBM is needed.