Abstract: : Objective To investigate whether recombinant human thrombopoietin（rhTPO） is better than recombinant human interleukin-11 （rhIL-11）. Methods Meta-analysis was conducted with all the qualified clinical randomized trials which compared rhTPO with rhIL-11 in chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia （CIT）. Database includes CBM disc, Wanfang data resource, China Science and Technology Periodical Database and CNKI, and the censor data was up to July 2012. All the calculations and statistical tests were done with the RevMan 5 software. Results Finally, 7 trials achieved all the criteria. Compared with rhIL-11, rhTPO can further improve the minimum value of blood platelet WMD 1.76, 95%CI（0.08, 3.43）, P=0.04, increase the maximum value of blood platelet WMD 74.87, 95%CI（52.54, 97.20）, P<0.000 01, shorten the time interval for blood platelet less than 50×10⁹/L WMD -1.61, 95%CI（-2.03, -1.19）, P<0.000 01, more quickly to help blood platelet elevated above to 75×10⁹/LWMD -3.74, 95%CI（-4.29, -3.19）, P<0.000 01 and 100×10⁹/L WMD -3.35, 95%CI（-4.27, -2.42）, P<0.000 01. In addition, the proportion of blood infusion RR 0.39, 95%CI（0.23, 0.66）, P=0.000 5 and adverse effects were lower RR 0.20, 95%CI（0.13,0.31）, P<0.000 03. Conclusions rhTPO has better remarkable efficacy and less adverse reaction than rhIL-11.