Abstract: Objective A meta analysis was made to review the relationship between high fat diet and the changes of intestinal microecology in mice/rats systematically. Methods Databases included PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP database and Wanfang database were searched to collect the randomized controlled studies on the correlation between high fat diet and intestinal microecology. The meta analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.3. Results All of the 15 studies were randomized controlled trials. The results of meta analysis showed that intestinal bifidobacteria decreased after high fat diet （SMD -4.08,95%CI -6.10~-2.05,P=0.000 1）. There was a decrease in intestinal bacteroides in mice/rats after high-fat diet （SMD-0.5,95%CI -1.73~0.72, P=0.42; SMD -1.46, 95%CI-2.58~-0.35, P=0.01）, and there was a significant decrease in intestinal lactobacillus as well（SMD -4.52,95%CI -7.39~-1.52, P<0.002）. However, there was an increase in intestinal enterobacteriaceae in mice/rats after high-fat diet（SMD 3.93, 95%CI 0.53~7.32, P=0.02）. Also, the results showed that the weight of mice/rats increased after high-fat diet（SMD 3.74, 95%CI 2.81~4.67, P<0.000 01）. Concomitantly, the plasma total cholesterol （SMD 3.52,95%CI 2.39~4.65, P<0.000 01） and triglyceride （SMD 1.87, 95%CI 1.14~2.60, P<0.000 01） in the mice/rats increased significantly after the high fat diet. Conclusion High fat diet can lead to the change of intestinal micro ecological structure in mice/rats. The change of intestinal micro ecological structure may play an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases such as obesity and hyperlipidemia.