Abstract: Objective To analyze the relationships between drinking water hygiene and habits and the occurrence of gastric cancer. Methods 172 newly diagnosed gastric cancer cases in Dazhou Integrated TCM＆Western Medicine Hospital from February 2017 to May 2020 were selected as the case group. According to the gender and age （± 5 years old）, 172 cases of non-gastric cancer patients who received healthy check-up in the same period were selected as the control group for a hospital-based case-control study. Self-made questionnaires were used to investigate the general condition, diet and drinking habits of patients, and analyze the influences of various factors on gastric cancer. Results On the basis of single factor analysis, multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that family history of gastric cancer （RR=4.586, 95%CI=1.739~15.248）, smoking history （RR=3.644, 95%CI=1.297~10.236）, alcohol drinking history （RR=3.770, 95%CI=1.649~8.620）,Helicobacter pylori infection history （RR=5.635, 95%CI=2.018~15.737）, preserved food intake frequency>1 time/week （RR=5.551, 95%CI=2.011~15.322）, the habit of drinking raw water （RR=4.614, 95%CI=2.062~10.325） were risk factors for gastric cancer. Purified drinking water source （RR=0.161, 95%CI=0.073~0.354）, daily 1 000~1 500 mL drinking water （RR=0.203, 95%CI=0.094~0.437） were protective factors （P<0.05）. Conclusions The occurrence of gastric cancer is closely related to drinking habits, drinking water sources, and daily drinking water quantity. Family history of gastric cancer, alcohol drinking history, smoking history, Helicobacter pylori infection history and preserved food intake also have an important impact on the occurrence of gastric cancer.