Abstract: Objective To analyze the risk factors of postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer （PPILC）. Methods A total of 472 patients who underwent lung cancer resection in January to December 2018 in Sun Yat -sen University Cancer Center were surveyed retrospectively, and a self-designed questionnaire was used to collect their clinical basic data and laboratory examination results. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors of postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with lung cancer. Results The incidence rate of postoperative pulmonary infection was 10.6%. The results of multivariate analysis showed that needed to be assisted sputum suction, needed re-operation, low postoperative PaO₂ within 72 hours after operation, longer length of operation and preoperative pulmonary ventilation dysfunction, were the main factors affecting postoperative pulmonary infection （P<0.05）. Conclusions Doctors and nurses should pay more attention to the prevention and treatment of postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with these risk factors and improve their pulmonary function and coughing ability, so as to improve their prognosis.