Abstract: Objective To discuss the effect of low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation on the recurrence and complication of patients with early laryngeal cancer. Methods A retrospective study of 80 patients with early laryngeal cancer in Chinese PLA General Hospital from August 2014 to August 2019 were selected, and they were divided into the ion group （n=40） and incision group （n=40） according to the 1∶1 control principle. The ion group was given low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation, and the incision group was given laryngectomy, the perioperative conditions, voice function maximum pronunciation time （MPT）, sound pressure level （SPL）, fundamental frequency （F0）, F0 perturbation （Jitter）, complications and recurrence were compared between the two groups. Results The intraoperative blood loss, mucosal recovery score, operation and hospitalization time in the ion group were lower than those in the incision group, the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. The MPT and SPL in the ion group were higher than those in the incision group, the F0 and Jitter in the ion group were lower than those in the incision group, the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. The complication rate in the ion group was lower than that in the incision group, the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. The one-year recurrence rate, progression-free survival rate and overall survival rate in the ion group and incision group was basically the same （P>0.05）. Conclusions The low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of early laryngeal cancer had the advantages of simple operation, small trauma, fewer complications and rapid recovery, and it did not increase the risk of recurrence and death, it was worthy for further clinical promotion.