Abstract: Objective To evaluate the recurrence and progression of tumors treated with early intravesical chemotherapy after transurethral resection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer （TUR-bt）. Methods Randomized controlled trials （RCTs） about early intravesical chemotherapy after TUR-bt were retrieved on PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang databases from their establishment to April 2012. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently screened the trials, extracted the data, assessed the quality, and conducted the meta-analysis with Revman 5.0 software finally. Results A total of four RCTs involving 909 superficial bladder cancer patients were eligible. The results of meta-analysis showed that there was statistical difference in tumor recurrence（OR=0.46, 95%CI 0.22~0.99 P=0.05）. However, the effect of progression and reducing the death rate showed no significant difference with or without early instravesical chemotherapy （OR=0.59, 95%CI 0.20~1.72, P=0.34）. Conclusion Early instravesical chemotherapy after TUR-bt is effective in reducing the tumor recurrence. By contrast, it could not lower the progression and death rate, and the side effects of chemotherapy agents could effect the quality of life of patients.