Abstract: Objective To analyze the gynecological common disease and its risk factors of 4 147 married women in Longcheng District of Shenzhen. To provide evidence for preventive health care in the region. Methods We studied 4 147 married women who underwent gynecological examination in Longcheng District of Shenzhen from 2010 to 2012 in our center, informed consent was obtained from all participants. Individual inquiry regarding medical history, routine gynecological examination, routine vaginal, cervical smears, infrared breast examination, abdominal B-ultrasound were done. The outcomes were analyzed by SPSS 11.5. Results 1 648 women （39.74%, 1 648/4 147）were found with gynecological diseases and the first three diseases were cervicitis（15.84%, 657/4 147）, vaginitis（11.21%, 465/4 147） and hyperplasia of mammary glands（8.15%, 338/4 147）. The incidence rate of chronic cervicitis, vaginitis in countryside was higher than that in city, and the incidence rate of chronic cervicitis of 30~39 years old group was higher than that of other age groups. And the incidence rate of vaginitis occurred more commonly in more than 30~39 years old group and ≥ 40-year-old group. The incidence of hyperplasia of mammary glands of < 30 and 30~39 age group was higher than that of ≥ 40-year-old group. 70 cases of SIL（squamous intraepithelial lesion; high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion） were concentrated in the 30~49 age group （59/70, 84.29%）. Conclusion Regular gynecopathy census and cervical cancer screening can promote disease early prevention, early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment, thus improving the level of the women*s health.